Only one player from each team can attempt for the ball.
Also given if any player starts before the whistle is blown.
Restart in center of pool
Timekeeper's signal indicates end of time period. Use this signal to confirm
Penalty shot can be taken after end of time period.
Whole of the ball passes through the front of the goal.
Also given if defenders paddle prevents the ball entering the goal from behind the goal.
Restart after a goal from the center of the pool, teams should be in their own half.
Given if attacker moves the goalkeeper and the ball enters the goal.
Given if a shot is taken from an indirect throw and the ball enters the goal.
Ball touches the side line OR vertical plane of sideline.
Also given if ball hits an overhead obstacle, taken on closest side.
Team not last to touch ball has the throw. Throw taken from point of exit. Infringement gives side-line throw to opposition.
Ball touches goal line OR vertical plane of goal line and attacker was last to touch the ball
Throw can be taken from anywhere on goal line.
If ball rebounds from goal frame back into the playing area, it is still in play, if it rebounds off the goal supports or hangers it is out of play.
Ball touches goal line OR vertical plane of goal line and defender was last to touch the ball.
Throw taken from the corner of the playing area.
If ball rebounds from goal frame back into the playing area, it is still in play, if it rebounds off the goal supports or hangers it is out of play.
Signaled by 3 whistle blasts.
Given for illegal substitution.
Given before a card is shown.
Given for a penalty shot.
Given when referee has to stop play but no offense has been committed (injury, stalemate).
Players line up at right angles to sideline (where situation occurred) 1m apart paddles on the water (not between kayaks). Referee throws ball onto water between players. Players must attempt for the ball with their hands. Players must be on their goal side.
Obstruction is one player impeding the progress of another player - the following are illegal.
Obstruction of a player who is not within 3m of the ball.
Obstruction a player who is not competing for the ball, nor has control of the ball.
Illegal holding - A player directly or indirectly restricts the movement of an opposing player using their hand/paddle. A player uses any object for support or propulsion (goal supports, boundary lines etc.).
Note: within the 6m area players can jostle for position. You can not move a stationary player more the 0.5m through sustained contact.
Note: A player has control of the ball if they are within 3m of the ball and they are the closest to the ball.
Any tackle that results in the tacklers kayak contacting the body of the tackled player and/or endangering the tackled player.
Any HARD tackles to the side of the kayak if it is at 90 degrees (80 through 100) and not through sustained contact.
Tackling a player not within 3m of the ball
Tackling a player who is not competing for the ball.
Moving the goalkeeper when the goal keepers team does not have possession of the ball.
Any tackle where tackled player does not have sole possession of the ball.
A tackle that endangers the player.
Any body contact except open hand on side or upper arm.
Note: A player has possession of the ball if they are holding, or can reach the ball with their hand - the ball being on the water
Player must move the ball 1m or more horizontally with in 5 seconds.
Player paddles with the ball resting on their deck.
The 5 seconds restarts when the player momentarily looses sole possession.
Striking an opponent or their kayak, using paddle against opponent or their kayak for propulsion, or impeding an opponent with a paddle.
Playing/attempting to play the ball with a paddle when the ball is within arms reach of the opponent AND they are attempting to play the ball with their hand.
Placing the paddle within arms reach of an opponent who has the ball in their hands.
Throwing the paddle or any dangerous use of the paddle.
Striking the ball with the paddle (a strike deliberately changes the direction of the ball, through momentary contact, whilst adding speed to the ball).
Delaying tactics, bad language, retaliation, arguing with the referee, deliberately delaying restarts, anything detrimental to the game etc.
A referee can signal advantage if neither referee has blown the whistle. Used to continue play when the team, which would have received the ball after the sanction, is benefited by play continuing.
Can also be used if a call would disadvantage the non-offending team, a time-out can be given at the next break in play and a sanction (card) can be given to the offending player.
Signal 15 acknowledges the Illegal play.
NOT direct at goal, awarded for all offenses where a free shot/penalty have not been given.
If a shot is taken from a free throw, and the ball enters the goal, or exits the filed of play, a goal line throw is given.
May be direct at goal and is given when a player is fouled in the act of shooting outside the 6m area, or for any dangerous play (e.g. paddle foul) - except where a penalty would be awarded.
Given for an offense in the 6m area where a player is fouled in the act of shooting.
Green card - warning given.
Yellow card - off for 2 minutes
Read Card - off for the rest of the game
Players sent off can not be replaced by substitutes. The goal linesman controls re-entry after the send-off time.
A yellow card is given to the player coming on in an illegal substitution, and the player going off has to stay off until the next break in play.
All throws must be presented before being taken - the ball is held at arm length above the head.
The ball is not in play until it has traveled 1m horizontally; the player has 5 seconds to put the ball into play.
Goal line, Sideline, corner and free throws are all Indirect.